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Introduction to Industrial Automation Figure: Example of an Industrial Automation System in a Smart Factory 1. What is Industrial Automation? 👉 Industrial Automation is the use of modern control systems and technologies to operate machines and industrial processes with minimal human involvement. 👉 It replaces manual work with automatic control using sensors, controllers, and actuators to improve efficiency, accuracy, and safety in industries. 2. Applications and Importance of Industrial Automation : 👉Automation is widely applied in manufacturing plants, power stations, oil and gas industries, water treatment systems, packaging units, and electric vehicle production. 👉By using automation, industries can increase production speed, reduce errors, improve product quality, and lower operating costs. 3. Working Principle of Industrial Automation System 👉 A typical automation system ...
TSMC vs Samsung: 3nm Chip Battle 2025 Introduction The semiconductor industry is witnessing a fierce race to produce smaller, faster, and more efficient chips. In 2025, TSMC and Samsung are leading the charge with their 3nm (nanometer) chip technology. These chips promise higher performance, lower power consumption, and are critical for AI, smartphones, and high-performance computing. But which company is ahead, and what does this mean for the global tech market? --- What is 3nm Chip Technology? Nanometer (nm) number refers to the size of the transistors on the chip. Smaller transistors → more transistors in the same area → faster processing + lower energy use. 3nm chips are the next big step after 5nm and 4nm, enabling advanced devices like AI processors, high-end GPUs, and mobile SoCs. --- TSMC’s 3nm Advantage TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) is the world’s largest semiconductor foundry. Mass production: Started volume production of 3nm chips in 2025. High yield...
Introduction With the increasing demand for reliable and sustainable energy, modern power systems are moving towards decentralized generation. One such advanced concept is the Microgrid. A microgrid improves power reliability and supports renewable energy integration at the local level. --- Definition of Microgrid A Microgrid is a localized group of electricity sources, energy storage systems, and loads that can operate connected to the main grid or independently (islanded mode). --- Need for Microgrid Microgrids are required to: Improve power reliability Integrate renewable energy sources Reduce transmission losses Supply power to remote areas Support critical loads during grid failures --- Main Components of a Microgrid 1. Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) – Solar, wind, diesel generators 2. Energy Storage Systems – Batteries, supercapacitors 3. Loads – Residential, commercial, or industrial 4. Control System – Manages power flow and operation 5. Point of Common Coupling (PCC)...
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