"What is Power Factor? - Definition, Formula& Importance

 Introduction:

Power Factor is one of the most important concepts in Electrical Engineering. It tells us how efficiently electrical power is being used in a circuit.



What is Power Factor?

Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of Active Power (kW) to Apparent Power (kVA).

Formula: 

Power Factor = Active Power (kW) / Apparent Power (kVA)

Power Factor value ranges from 0 to 1.

PF = 1 → Perfect efficiency

PF = 0 → No useful power

Types of Power Factor:

Unity Power Factor (PF = 1) → Purely resistive load

Lagging Power Factor → Inductive load (motors, transformers)

Leading Power Factor → Capacitive load (capacitors)

Why is Power Factor Important?

Low PF = More current drawn = More energy wasted

High PF = Less energy loss = More efficiency

Industries maintain PF above 0.9 to avoid penalties

Power Factor Correction:

Capacitor banks are used to improve power factor in industries.

Conclusion:

Power Factor is crucial for energy efficiency. Every EEE engineer must understand this concept for real-world applications.

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